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Compost (Bio-organic Fertilizer) |
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Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited, has developed an effective and eco-friendly technology for bioconversion of organic fractions in Municipal Solid Waste into a useful end product i.e. Bio-organic Soil-enricher. Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited has adopted both a controlled biological process as well as mechanical screening thereafter.
A composting process seeks to harness the natural forces of decomposition to secure the conversion of organic waste into organic manure. Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited Has chosen to travel the route of aerobic composting. In order to accelerate and control the aerobic composting a specially formulated biological Inoculum is used to treat the organic waste. The key element in HiMSWLtd. Technology employed.
The management & operations teams operate round the clock, every day, all year. They work to ensure the Following parameters are optimized to preserve the nutrition and deliver the best yield. |
Moisture Content
Low moisture will lead to mortality of microbes. Too much moisture, on the other hand, will lead to anaerobic conditions making the inoculated microbes ineffective. Thus the moisture content of the waste is maintained between 40 & 45% .
Temperature
Thanks to the exothermic biological activities of aerobic bacteria temperature rises to 65 to 70oC within a short time span. This temperature is achieved & maintained throughout the biological cycle.
Aeration
Since aerobic bacteria are used in the biological process, proper aeration is required to ensure availability of oxygen.Scheduled turning of the heaps followed by regular inspections ensure adequate aeration
Carbon & Nitrogen Ratio (C:N Ratio)
CN Ratio should be maintained below 50 for speedy composting. If it is high, the decomposition process will be slow. If CN Ratio is very high, Nitrogenous material like cow-dung may have to be added to bring down CNR to the desired level. At the end of biological process, CN Ratio should come down below 20.
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| Characteristics |
Colour |
Black to dark brown |
| Texture |
Free flowing coarse powder |
| Variable weed seeds |
Absence |
| Odour |
Earthy smell |
| Maturity test |
Positive (Digested) |
| Moisture % |
20-25 |
| Total organic matter % |
20-25 |
| pH |
6.8-7.8 |
| Carbon: Nitrogen ratio |
12.1:18.1 |
| Nitrogen |
1.60 to 2.50 |
| Phosphorous |
0.80 to 1.20 |
| Potassium |
0.80 to 1.20 |
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| Test Results from K.N. Laboratory |
| Parameters |
As per FCO Standards |
Results |
| Moisture % by weight |
15 to 25 |
17.6 |
| Colour |
Dark brown to Black |
Dark brown to Black |
| Odor |
Absence of foul odor |
Absence of foul odor |
| Particle Size |
A minimum of 90 % material should pass through 4.0mm IS sieve |
A minimum of 90 % material should
pass through 4.0mm IS sieve |
| Bulk density (g/cm3) |
< 1 |
0.84 |
| Total Organic Carbon |
% by weight, minimum 12 |
18.2 |
| Total Nitrogen (as N) |
% by weight, minimum 8 |
1.4 |
| Total Phosphates (as P2O5) |
% by weight, minimum 4 |
0.8 |
| Total Potash (as K2O) |
% by weight, minimum 4 |
1.2 |
| C:N ratio |
<20 |
18.6 |
| pH |
6.5 to 7.5 |
7.27.2 |
| Conductivity (as dsm-1) |
less tha 4 |
1.3 |
| Pathogens |
NIL |
NIL |
| Heavy metal content (as mg/Kg) maximum |
NIL |
NIL |
| Arsenic (as As2O3) |
10 |
7.8 ppm |
| Cadmium (as Cd) |
5 |
4.2 ppm |
| Chromium (as Cr) |
50 |
33.2 ppm |
| Copper (as Cu) |
300 |
110 ppm |
| Mercury (as Hg) |
0.15 |
0.14 ppm |
| Nickel (as Ni) |
50 |
43.6 ppm |
| Lead (Pb) |
100 |
25 ppm |
| Zinc (Zn) |
1000 |
500 ppm |
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Compost can be used as |
- Bio-Organic fertilizer - Combination with chemical fertilizers; Side dressing along the rows or encircling the plants.
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- Soil Nourishmnet Agent - In contaminated land remediation projects, land reclamation, removal of sludge from tank bottoms in refineries. Compost is also used as a soil binder for soil removal/land reclamation projects
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- Landscaping - In big industries, golf courses & other vegetative coverings.
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For further details Contact: |
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Reception of Waste
- Vehicles, drivers and payload weight logged
Tipping Floor/ Pre-sorting
- Vehicles directed to displace the waste on a secure platform in specified piles.
- Via cranes, bobcats, dozers and the staff, waste fed to the trommels for separation.
- On separation smaller particles sent to the Windrow platform.
- The larger particles sent to the refuse derived fuel (RDF) bunker.
Windrow Platform (Aerobic Composting)
- Organic waste composted for a month via the help of EM culture.
- Continuous overturning & transfer of the compost via cranes.
- Different heaps signifying different maturation levels.
Monsoon Shed (Aerobic Composting)
- The composted material is fed through two successive trommels for further separation.
- The Smaller particles are moved to the curing shed.
- The larger particles are either sent to the landfill or to the RDF bunker.
Curing Shed (Aerobic Composting)
- The material is spread out to cure
- The material is then passed through a final trommel as well as a de-stoner.
Storing & Packing facility:
- The composted material which is of a consistent fine texture is now stored in heaps.
- The EM culture coupled with the well timed process yields a nutrient rich, safe byproduct
- The material is packed and sent to fertilizer companies.
Recycling Shed:
- Segregation at source is not always carried out by, resulting in mixed solid waste.
- HiMSW secondary segregation at the site to ensures removal of part of the plastics.
- Plastic Granulation is also carried out.
Leachate management Systems:
- Prior to the handing over of the Jawaharnagar site, the acreage was used as a dumpsite which spawned unknown amounts of leachate and outflow into the local water bodies.
- Lake Malkaram for example has been contaminated with said leachate.
- Over time HiMSW, has brought down levels of leachate in the lake through cleaning efforts and created barriers to prevent the leaching out of liquids.
- The site mapping has provided us with the gradation and the general flow of the leachate from the past dump to begin damage control.
- Several solar evaporation ponds are used to maintain and check the flow of leachate along with concrete reinforced channels.
Leachate Treatment Plant:
- Leachate treatment facility.
- Through Curing, Reverse Osmosis and UV treatment, the leachate generated can be converted to a usable form of water.
Projects
- RDF bunker
- RDF fluff, or briquettes, to be used as fuel.
- Waste to energy plant, to feed energy back into the grid.
- Given our extensive knowledge with waste management, Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited has a proposal to start a training school, to equip future employable individuals with MSW training.
Landfill
- Prior to the setup of Hyderabad Integrated MSW Limited, the Jawaharnagar site was used as a 350 acre dumping grounds.
- All of the city's garbage was essentially brought to the site and piled high.
- After a few years of dedicated effort by our committed staff and worker, we are proud to say that the site and the intended infrastructure & facilities are coming along as schedueled.
- Currently a fraction of the material bought to the site is disposed of in a landfill.
- The landfill follows all of the MSW 2000 rules, including multiple liners, compacted soil and leachate monitoring wells to assess the nature of the landfill & the safety of the surrounding land.
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